The federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) issued final regulations on April 27 concerning provider and supplier enrollment changes. The new regulations require the use of a National Provider Identifier (NPI) on all enrollments and claims. The regulations also require providers to be enrolled in Medicare when ordering items and services for Medicare beneficiaries, and they mandate document retention. The final regulations are effective June 26, 2012, and they are available at http://federalregister.gov/a/2012-09994.